Newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management

The birth of a premature baby carries important repercussions for the health system, since its complications are closely associated with infant mortality. Respiratory pathology stands out for being the main cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients, being the Respiratory Distress Syndrome d...

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Autores principales:	Piña-Zarrabal, Sergio Arturo, Aguilar-Romero, Diego, Martínez-Vázquez, Rafael
Formato:	Online
Lenguaje:	spa
Publicado:	REMUS - Revista Estudiantil de Medicina de la Universidad de Sonora 2020
Acceso en línea:	https://ojs-remus.unison.mx/index.php/remus_unison/article/view/35
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id	oai:ojs.remus.unison:article-35
record_format	ojs
institution	REMUS
collection	OJS
language	spa
format	Online
author	Piña-Zarrabal, Sergio Arturo Aguilar-Romero, Diego Martínez-Vázquez, Rafael
spellingShingle	Piña-Zarrabal, Sergio Arturo Aguilar-Romero, Diego Martínez-Vázquez, Rafael Newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management
author_facet	Piña-Zarrabal, Sergio Arturo Aguilar-Romero, Diego Martínez-Vázquez, Rafael
author_sort	Piña-Zarrabal, Sergio Arturo
title	Newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management
title_short	Newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management
title_full	Newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management
title_fullStr	Newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management
title_full_unstemmed	Newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management
title_sort	newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management
description	The birth of a premature baby carries important repercussions for the health system, since its complications are closely associated with infant mortality. Respiratory pathology stands out for being the main cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients, being the Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to surfactant deficiency the pathology that occurs most frequently. The pathophysiological substrate of this disease is the qualitative and quantitative deficiency of lung surfactant, a complex of phospholipids and proteins that reduces surface tension within the alveoli. The immature lung, which lacks the adequate levels of this substance, suffers from collapse of the alveolar structures, which avoids an adequate gas exchange and ends in low levels of oxygen in the blood. The initial suspicion is purely clinical, with signs of respiratory distress that can be easily identified from the delivery room, the most notable of which are: tachypnea, nasal flaring, expiratory whining and intercostal, subcostal and subxiphoid retractions. The diagnosis is integrated with a chest x-ray, which tends to show a classic reticulogranular pattern with ground glass appearence. The management of these patients focuses on three pillars, the central one being the induction of lung maturation with the administration of corticosteroids to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery. In addition to this, the use of positive pressure and exogenous surfactant has completely changed the prognosis of these patients, which is increasingly promising.
publisher	REMUS - Revista Estudiantil de Medicina de la Universidad de Sonora
publishDate	2020
url	https://ojs-remus.unison.mx/index.php/remus_unison/article/view/35
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spelling	oai:ojs.remus.unison:article-352021-10-26T13:44:26Z Newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria en el neonato: del desarrollo embrionario al manejo de terapia intensiva Piña-Zarrabal, Sergio Arturo Aguilar-Romero, Diego Martínez-Vázquez, Rafael Dificultad respiratoria neonato surfactante Respiratory distress neonate surfactant The birth of a premature baby carries important repercussions for the health system, since its complications are closely associated with infant mortality. Respiratory pathology stands out for being the main cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients, being the Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to surfactant deficiency the pathology that occurs most frequently. The pathophysiological substrate of this disease is the qualitative and quantitative deficiency of lung surfactant, a complex of phospholipids and proteins that reduces surface tension within the alveoli. The immature lung, which lacks the adequate levels of this substance, suffers from collapse of the alveolar structures, which avoids an adequate gas exchange and ends in low levels of oxygen in the blood. The initial suspicion is purely clinical, with signs of respiratory distress that can be easily identified from the delivery room, the most notable of which are: tachypnea, nasal flaring, expiratory whining and intercostal, subcostal and subxiphoid retractions. The diagnosis is integrated with a chest x-ray, which tends to show a classic reticulogranular pattern with ground glass appearence. The management of these patients focuses on three pillars, the central one being the induction of lung maturation with the administration of corticosteroids to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery. In addition to this, the use of positive pressure and exogenous surfactant has completely changed the prognosis of these patients, which is increasingly promising. El nacimiento de un bebé prematuro conlleva importantes repercusiones al sistema de salud, ya que sus complicaciones se asocian de manera estrecha con la mortalidad infantil. La patología respiratoria destaca por ser la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en estos pacientes, siendo el Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria por déficit de surfactante la patología que se presenta con mayor frecuencia. El sustrato fisiopatológico de esta enfermedad es la deficiencia cualitativa y cuantitativa de surfactante pulmonar, un complejo de fosfolípidos y proteínas que reduce la tensión superficial dentro del alvéolo. El pulmón inmaduro, que carece de los niveles adecuados de esta sustancia, sufre de colapso de las estructuras alveolares, lo cual impide un adecuado intercambio gaseoso y concluye en niveles bajos de oxígeno en la sangre. La sospecha inicial es meramente clínica, con signos de dificultad respiratoria que pueden ser fácilmente identificados desde la sala de parto, siendo los más destacables taquipnea, aleteo nasal, quejido espiratorio y retracciones intercostales, subcostales y/o subxifoideas. El diagnóstico se integra con una radiografía de tórax, la cual tiende a mostrar un clásico patrón retículogranular con vidrio despulido. El manejo de estos pequeños pacientes se centra en tres pilares, siendo el central la inducción de maduración pulmonar con la administración de corticoesteroides a aquellas embarazadas con riesgo de parto pretérmino. Aunado a esto, el uso de presión positiva y surfactante exógeno ha cambiado por completo el pronóstico de estos pacientes, el cual es cada vez más prometedor. REMUS - Revista Estudiantil de Medicina de la Universidad de Sonora 2020-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo revisado por pares application/pdf https://ojs-remus.unison.mx/index.php/remus_unison/article/view/35 REMUS - Revista Estudiantil de Medicina de la Universidad de Sonora; Número 4 (Enero-Agosto 2020); 9-19 spa https://ojs-remus.unison.mx/index.php/remus_unison/article/view/35/35 Derechos de autor 2020 REMUS - Revista Estudiantil de Medicina de la Universidad de Sonora

Newborn respiratory distress syndrome: from embryonic development to the intensive care management

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